What is Meningitis?

Bacterial meningitis is one of the most serious forms of meningitis. It occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and reach the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The infection can progress quickly and may cause severe complications, including neurological damage, hearing loss, disability, or death.

Pneumococcal meningitis is a form of bacterial meningitis caused by pneumococcal bacteria. Pneumococcus is one of several bacteria known to cause meningitis and can result in severe illness and long-term complications. Vaccination can help protect against certain types of pneumococcal disease.

Viral meningitis is caused by a viral infection and accounts for many cases of meningitis. Many different viruses can cause it, and exposure to these viruses does not necessarily mean a person will develop meningitis. Viral meningitis is often less severe than bacterial meningitis, but symptoms should still be assessed promptly by a healthcare professional.

Fungal meningitis is a rare form of meningitis caused by certain fungal infections. It is more likely to affect people with weakened immune systems or specific underlying health conditions. Because fungal meningitis can be serious, diagnosis and appropriate medical treatment are essential.

Some bacterial infections that cause meningitis can also enter the bloodstream and lead to sepsis (sometimes referred to as septicemia). This can happen with or without meningitis and may progress extremely quickly. Meningitis Foundation Canada emphasizes that suspected meningitis or septicemia requires urgent medical attention.